The Blue Economy refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs, while preserving the health of marine and coastal ecosystems.
It is a balance between profitability, community prosperity, and environmental protection.
Marinas & Recreational Boating
Shipping & Ports
Shipbuilding and repair
Marine tourism & eco-tourism
Cruise tourism (when managed sustainably)
Sustainable fisheries
Aquaculture (farmed fish and shellfish)
Seaweed and algae farming
Marine bio-products (e.g., nutraceuticals, cosmetics, bioplastics)
Offshore renewable energy (wind, tidal, wave)
Marine mineral resources (sand, aggregates, seabed mining — with caution)
Offshore oil and gas (still part of the economy, though controversial)
Marine protected areas
Blue carbon (mangroves, seagrasses, wetlands — carbon capture)
Ocean monitoring and conservation tech
Coastal real estate and development (done responsibly)
Harbour and coastal defences
Resilient coastal community planning
Local employment and training in marine sectors
Marine data analytics and decision-making tools
AI-driven solutions for ocean monitoring and industry optimisation
Climate modelling and marine ecosystem analysis
Digital ecosystems for marinas, fisheries, and coastal businesses
Supply chain transparency and traceability systems
Ocean literacy programmes
Research and development for marine tech
Regulatory frameworks for sustainable marine development
Partnerships between governments, NGOs, and businesses
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